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Apr 21, 2009 -- Avoid student loan default with a forbearance or deferral

Recent college grads are finding themselves either underemployed or unemployed and in no position to pay their student loans.

In that situation, the last thing you want to do is hide from your obligation. Federal student loans follow you like a plague. They typically can't even be removed by bankruptcy, and collectors can garnish your wages without having to prove the debt in a court of law.

Instead of defaulting, why not consider a forbearance or deferral? They're similar programs in that they both allow you to stop paying for a certain amount of time, but they do have some key differences. Visit the U.S. Department of Education's website for more details on each.

By going that route, you can get as many as 6 years of additional time to work through whatever situation is preventing you from paying.

It's also important to know about options for student loan forgiveness. Public service employees can enjoy full loan forgiveness after making 10 years of monthly payments on their federal loans. See our briefing for more information.

Meanwhile, FinAid.org details loan forgiveness options for those who volunteer with AmeriCorps, those who join the military and others.

Now, all of this addresses what to do after you've gotten yourself deep into student loan debt. But how should you avoid it in the first place?

Clark has a rule of thumb regarding borrowing for undergraduate studies. Your entire loan burden for 4 years should be equal to or less than your expected earnings during your first year of employment when you get out of school.

Unfortunately, Clark won't be able to answer any questions submitted via commenting. If you have a question, please try posting it to our message boards.

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What others are saying

  • Loan Consolidation
    Does anyone know anywhere that will allow me to consolidate my federal and private college loans? I cannot find anything.
  • Affect on credit?
    Does anyone know how deferring a federal, subsidized loan will affect my credit? My loan is small but I am unemployed and unless something changes, I won't have the money to pay my loan when it comes due in a few months. Will deferring the loan hurt my credit?
  • student loans
    thats because when you work for public sector, they dont pay well. my daughters pay is in the low 30, and with a masters, 104 in debt, how do you pay that back at 800 a month. for 30 yrs? master in crim. justice, carry a gun for 30k. thats cruel.
  • Loans
    in the process of finding loans for a doctorate in a foreign country-wish me luck! what i will be worth makes up for the extreme cost although you have to wonder where all the money in compounded interest goes-certainly to make a ceo sleep better at night I hope
  • Hypocrisy at its worst
    I fidn this absolutely unbeleiveable. I did go to colelge with student loans, still paying them and such, but what I am incredibly upset about is the system and Clark's advice.

    Let em see if I got this straight... You borrow money that is backed by the US govt then in turn go to work for the governmetn to pay it off. Then Clark whines about have a $22 Trillion deficit... gee I cannot figure out why?!?!?!!?!

    I propose this - no more public financing of education. You want someone to pay off that debt, make it part of your benefits package at your employer. No state-subsidies, no grants, nada. If you get that degree in underwater basketweaving... well you were the idoit that took that degree. I am sure the college loves you for it.

    Anyways... my 2 cents
  • student loan criticisms?
    I hope most people reading this article will take the negative commentary below (mrlee, William, etc) with just a modicum of understanding... ANY loan is a debt until you have gotten some return on that investment. And the rewards of using "someone else's money” now for future gains usually depends on the ambition, character, and general moxie of the individual. A college degree – statistically -- ensures your chances of better jobs, more $$$, more opportunities, etc. but only if you put it to use (check http://www.bls.gov/emp/emptab7.htm).

    Funny things: people have almost no hesitation to take out a high-interest loan for a car (which immediately depreciates in value, or can be totaled in one day); or a house (which can go up or down in value, and be destroyed in one day); or a small business (which can succeed or fail, or be destroyed in one day); and so on. We'll often max out our high-interest rate credit cards on usually material "stuff" or services that are temporary at best. Not that CCARDs are all bad either… essentially getting a loan to buy things now that do serve a need (food, clothing, haircut, car repairs, etc) but still generally do not provide a return on the $$$ spent.

    Yet how much complaining we read and hear about taking a loan of non-income, non-credit based federal monetary assistance toward an in-demand (nowadays more than ever!) college education which can only increase in value, increase YOUR future earnings and return on investment, and never be taken away... AND in most cases, set a good example for future generations to follow suit.

    Clark Howard fans are typically smart, knowledgeable and cautious. Please, readers, don’t be afraid to invest in yourself; most student loan horror stories are self-created by the student’s failure to adhere to strict regulatory policies and guidelines. Plus, any reputable college employs finance advisors who are there to help guide you through the confusing maze of information that come with any monetary transactions. Be smart and be prudent, but don’t be fearful nor misinformed.

    "An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest" -- Ben Franklin
  • Refinancing Student Loans
    In our country, we have the option to refinance our cars, homes, consumer loans, signature loans...pretty much everything with the exception of consolidated student loans. This, I'm being told, will never change unless congress authorizes it, and we know that's not going to happen because the big banks (i.e. lenders) are in bed with our politicians in Washington D.C. I'm paying Sallie Mae 9 1/4% for the life of this loan while new student loans are half this rate. I've contacted several in the industry along with my state officials, and cannot find anyone who is interested in changing this bad policy. Another case of "the little guy once again takes it in the shorts"!
  • student loan.
    when people steal and cheat in the corporate world, they got a pat on the hand. Whereas, if you trying to go to college with good intentions, you will punished for life. It's better to steal and cheat than borrow to go to college.
  • student loan
    Student loan is the worst form of debt you can have, short of put you in jail, it will destroy your life. When people trying to get higher education to get better jobs, pay more taxes, better society, but if you default, you will be worst than the most vile criminal. At least criminals in prison can study for a degree for free. The system is so broke. It is better to go rob a bank to pay for your student loan, you will get out in a couple of years, not with student loans.
  • Student Loan red tape
    I have a student loan and after two strokes that made it impossible to work I put in for a hardship discharge of my loan. It was turned down because the neurologist put a comment on the form that said that if future medical science discovers ways to reverse the brain damage I may be able to work in the future. After getting a new neurologist and resubmitting I was turned down because they lost my file and, thus, the doctor's statements were out of the required time span - this is even though the student loan people had the form all along. I have resubmitted and, even though they signed for the submissions, they still, after 2+ years, have not given me an answer or responded to my inquiries. I have exhausted all forbearances I could get. Now I find out that they sold my contract to a new company and I have to start the process all over again because the new company refuses to view the request sent to the old holder - th new company has different standards to meet. I will probably be dead before they approve my request. Meanwhile I live on a very fixed income and cannot pay the monthy loan charge. I have to file seperate from my wife because the IRS will ceize the return if my SSN is on a joint return.

    I agree with Howard about how screwed up the student loan system is on record keeping and customer service.
  • college costs?!?!
    Clark's rule of thumb about "Your entire loan burden for 4 years should be equal to or less than your expected earnings during your first year of employment" is wholly unrealistic, to say the least!

    With college tuition going up exponentially, especially at state colleges due to budgetary restrictions, and private colleges more attractive options for many traditional and non-traditional students, I think Clark needs to be more reasonable in setting the ROI expectation. Otherwise, some potential college student may be turned away entirely just based on the cost being perceived as "too high" relative to first year earnings, especially in current times.

    Examples: My school cost over $30K/yr in the early '90s, and it took me far longer than one (or four) years to exceed the loan burden... but by age 29, that was a long-forgotten non-issue. My boss attended Miami, FL at almost $40K/yr, and while certainly doing well, did not see significant dents in his loan burden for several years either. In both cases, I can be certain (and confirm what mjd says below) that WITHOUT the degrees and quality of university behind it, the job opportunities and salary growth may not have happened.

    My opinion (not that anyone cares): a regionally- accredited public university under $10-$15K TOTAL yearly, or a private college under $25K yearly, is absolutely a worthwhile investment in self... it’s what you DO with those increasingly open doors that matters most.

    Good luck all!
  • I would agree with Buzz that its gotten to the point where in a lot of cases the cost of the masters degree is not worth is when you compare to the salary you can expect to receive in the field, compared to the debt you tend to incur while earining the degree. Even just for a bachelors degree many graduates come out of school with at least 50k in loans yet end up with a job that pays 30k per year. And the irony is that the place would have not hired the person without the degree. Its a vicious cycle.
  • Degree Mills
    Many schools are nothing more than degree mills. The so called education isn't worth the paper the degree is printed on.
  • Education
    When people become unemployed, they frequently will go back to school to further their education. Again and again I have seen people get master's degrees and never do get the employment they had hoped for. More and more these advanced degrees seem to be bad investments. Americans have to be the most over-educated people in the world. I'd like to see someone do a study of people with Master's degrees, to see if and when they can be justified. But I don't want to the study to be done by an educational instituion. They have an agenda and the results could not be believed.
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